Windows uses a timer to determine how long it takes to perform an action with a file. This timer is called the system timer. The system timer is started when you open a file and it runs until you close the file or until your computer goes to sleep.
The ‘time remaining’ estimations on Windows are enough to drive anyone crazy at times, but have you ever wondered how Windows determines those times? Today’s SuperUser Q&A post has some answers for a curious, yet frustrated, reader’s question.
Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.
Windows 8.1 file transfer window screenshot courtesy of im really famecore.
The Question
SuperUser reader ‘im really famecore’ wants to know how Windows determines the amount of time it will take to perform an operation with a file:
Does Windows use a special equation to determine the time remaining to perform an operation, or does it just provide a ‘best guess’ estimate?
For example, when I delete a file and Windows says Time remaining: 18 seconds, how is it calculating this number, and what does it use to calculate it?
The Answer
SuperUser contributors Valmiky Arquissandas and Richard have the answer for us. First up, Valmiky Arquissandas:
Followed by the answer from Richard:
That is because during the first few seconds, it just does the operation it has to do. Then, after a short amount of time, it knows how much it has already copied/deleted/etc, and how long it took. That gives you the average speed of the operation.
Then, divide the remaining bytes by the speed, and you have the time it will take to complete the operation.
This is elementary school math. If you want to travel 360 km, and at the end of the first minute you have traveled 1 km, how long will it take you to reach your destination?
Well, the speed is 1 km/minute, so that is 60 km/hour. 360 km divided by 60 km/hour gives you an estimated time of 6 hours (or 360 km / 1 km/minute = 360 minutes = 6 hours). Since you have already traveled for one minute, then the estimated time left is 5 hours and 59 minutes.
Substitute travel with copy, km with bytes, and that answers your question.
Different systems have different ways of estimating time. You can take the last minute and the estimates may vary wildly. Or you can take the full time, and if the speed actually changes permanently, your estimates may be far removed from reality. What I described is the simplest method.
Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.
When shortening time expressions in progress dialogs, should they be rounded up or down?
Raymond Chen, a developer on the Windows team at Microsoft, confirms this algorithm (see Valmiky’s answer above) in a posting on his blog. He also explains why it can be wrong.
Why does the copy dialog give such horrible estimates?
